Payment networks identify the card network and issuing program using the first digits of the card number.
The most useful segment for troubleshooting is the BIN (first 6 or 8 digits).
Example: 41474004 99999999 0
BIN8 41474004
Account Identifier 99999999
Check Digit 0
1) Major Industry Identifier (MII)
First digit indicates the network family.
4
= Visa
= Visa
2) BIN / IIN (Issuer Identification)
Identifies the issuer and card program (best segment for debugging).
BIN6
414740
BIN8
41474004
Classification (example)
- Network: Visa
- Card Level: Signature
- Card Type: Credit
- Issuer: Chase Bank USA, N.A.
- Country: US
3) Account Identifier
The middle digits identify the specific account within the issuer program.
99999999
4) Validator Digit (Check Digit)
Last digit used for Luhn validation (format check only).
0
Note: BIN classifications can vary by lookup source. Gateways and processors use their own BIN tables for enforcement and routing.
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